JOSEPH SMITH, JR., GREAT PROPHET AND SEER (1805-1844)

Brief Introduction: Joseph Smith, Jr., born on December 23, 1805 in Sharon, Vermont, came to the world’s attention, when he disclosed to others the answer he received to his boyhood prayer near Manchester, New York in the spring of 1820. (JS-H 1) Certainly every Bible-believer acknowledges praying in faith is encouraged in Holy Writ, presumably to get an answer. (James 1:5-8; Matt. 5:44; 21:13,22; Col. 4:2; 3 Ne. 18:18-21; Moro. 10:4-5; D&C 105:19,23) Important knowledge directly from God is precisely what Joseph Smith maintained he received in answer to his earnest prayer, even the appearance of God The Father and The Son. Yet, many of Joseph’s detractors and persecutors disallow that possibility, while at the same time claiming they have received answers to their own prayers, such as receiving “calls” to be ministers of the gospel, or even, paradoxically, answers from God that Joseph was not a prophet. And finally, only days before his martyrdom on June 27, 1844, wicked conspirators charged Joseph Smith, the first to be so charged, with the highly unusual crime of “treason against the State of Illinois,” immediately after he was acquitted of the charge of "riot." In truth, Joseph was actually only defending his people against lawless mobs, as Mayor of Nauvoo. Joseph's legal and moral authority on the City Council, regarding the destruction of the Nauvoo Expositor newspaper, was ignored and distorted as a pretext to deny him the usual option of posting bail, taking him into custody, and exposing him to physical attack by his enemies. (Church News, Jan. 24, 2009, p. 15) The same conspirators finally murdered him and his brother Hyrum while they awaited trial on this false charge, as he and others sat in the Carthage, Illinois jail, exactly as their ancestors falsely accused and killed the prophets in ages past. (D&C 135)

Need for a Living Prophet: Carnal men and women inclined to be their own gods love the dead prophets, because once their mouths are closed by death, their words can be interpreted, re-interpreted, and twisted without objection. (Luke 3:8; John 8:39; 2 Pet. 1:21) But while they lived, the prophets could explain and defend what they meant. For that exact reason, a new restoration of the Gospel and Church of Jesus Christ through Joseph Smith was necessary, so that people today do not need to rely on past dispensations tainted by apostasy and errors. Regrettably, no true prophet of God while he lived in the flesh has been popular, nor generally recognized for who he really was. Jesus said, “No prophet is acceptable in his own country.” (Luke 4:24; John 4:44) Still, rejection of Joseph Smith by his enemies is viewed by some as proof that he was not called of God, and was not the first genuine prophet of the Dispensation of the Fullness of Times “…to gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth….” (Eph. 1:10; D&C 27:13; 110:12-16; 112:30-32; 128:9) Certainly, Joseph Smith covered a broad range of doctrines and practices, from Old Testament times to New Testament times, to modern times. He set about to gather the lost remnants of Israel “from the four corners of the earth,” preaching the gospel of Christ generally (3 Ne. 27:13-22; D&C 4; 6; 84:77+), and sending Apostle Orson Hyde to dedicate the land of Israel on October 24, 1841 for the return of the Jews. (Hist. of the Church 4:456-459; D&C 124:3,128; Isa. 11:12; 2 Ne. 21:12) Joseph also was a conduit for the restoration of the Aaronic and Melchizedek priesthoods. (D&C 13; 20; 107-110) And he began building temples, places to restore and administer the covenants God made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and with others of our ancient forefathers. (D&C 57:3; 58:57; 84:4-31; 88:119; 97:15-17; 105:33;109; 110:7; 124:25-55)

Polygamy and the Fullness of Times: Part of the restoration of all things to fulfill prophecy (Acts 3:19-21), and among the most controversial, was the temporary practice of plural marriage, or polygamy. (D&C 132) That short-lived practice certainly did serve, and yet serves as a great test of faith to all who hear of it, which is exactly what the Lord intended. (Abr. 3:24-26; Jacob 2:25-32; Gen. 16:1-5) Regarding polygamy, many men and women around the world have been tested, both to their salvation or condemnation, and many have been, and are still being “snared and taken.” (Isa. 8:15; 28:13; 2 Tim. 2:26; D&C 56:4-6; 58:32; 1890 Official Declaration-1) In the last analysis, some men and women live by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God, and some do not. (D&C 84:44; Matt. 4:4; Luke 4:4) Some have even used Joseph’s words to support their disobedience to his other words and those of his duly called successors, resulting in confusion and contradictory thinking. (Official Declaration-1) It certainly was no overstatement when the angel told Joseph Smith in 1823, your “name shall be had for good and evil among all nations, kindreds, and tongues.” (JS-H 1:33) It is not an overstatement to say that Joseph Smith still remains one of the most discussed and controversial figures of all time. All told, Joseph Smith, Jr. did have, and yet has, both loyal supporters and bitter enemies. What he or she thinks of Joseph Smith is the main problem everyone has with accepting the church he organized as the one Jesus (Yeshua) willed to be established on April 6, 1830, whereby six members became the first Church of Christ in the United States of America. (D&C 20:1; 21; 22) The name was changed to The Church of Latter Day Saints on May 3, 1834, and to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on April 23, 1838, the result of a direct revelation. After Joseph’s death, some members broke off from the main body led by Brigham Young, and took other names for their churches. (D&C 115:4; Teachings of Presidents of the Church, Joseph Smith, p. xvi)

Prophets Persecuted: Examples of early persecuted and martyred prophets are Apostles Peter and Paul, as recorded in the New Testament. (Acts 5:19-23; 16:23-33; 2 Cor. 6:5; 11:23-25) John the Baptist also was imprisoned and beheaded. (Matt. 14:8; Mark 6:25) Jeremiah the Prophet was cast into a dungeon at the king’s command. (Jer. 32:2; 33:1; 37; 38; 1 Ne. 7:14) Why? For telling the truth about the spiritual and political depravity of the Kingdom of Judah immediately prior to the Babylonian destruction and captivity. Elijah the Prophet went into hiding, was fed by ravens, being such a godly man that he never tasted death. (1 Kg. 17; 18) Daniel was cast into a lions den, his enemies bent on his destruction. (Dan. 6:16-24) Every true prophet had unbelieving and unsympathetic contemporaries harassing him, and taking him before officers of the law, intent on killing him. Jesus himself, in whom Christians agree was no sin, was many times persecuted by contemporaries, hauled before government authorities, his message of salvation rejected, and finally falsely judged and sentenced to death by crucifixion. (Mark 15; Luke 23; John 19; Acts 5:29-33; 1 Ne. 19:9-10) Like Jesus with Judas Iscariot, much of the persecution of the Prophet Joseph Smith came from formerly close associates, who turned on their greatest benefactor, and sought his death. (Matt. 26:14-16) Jesus indicted his persecutors thusly: “…ye build the sepulchers of the prophets, and your fathers killed them….” They were “…laying in wait for him, seeking to catch something out of his mouth that they might accuse him” before a court. (Luke 11:37-51; 1 Ne. 19:10) They even may have thrown in his face the circumstance of His birth by saying, “We are not born of fornication; we have one Father, God.” (John 8:41) The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ reveals still other examples of persecuted prophets. Yet, for all the persecution and death there is no evidence that the God who called and sent them was ever disloyal to His servants, the prophets. No man can destroy a prophet’s appointment, but can only cut the thread which binds him to the prophet and to God, and sink himself to hell. (See: Teachings of Presidents of the Church, Joseph Smith, p.317)

Joseph Smith Persecuted: As mentioned, Joseph Smith, Jr. suffered continual persecutions, much coming from formerly close associates. He was a participant in more than two hundred-twenty court cases within a span of eighteen years (1826-1844), amounting to about one case a month on average, either as a defendant, a plaintiff, or as a judge when he was Mayor of Nauvoo. (Church News, Jan. 24, 2009, pp. 14-15) He was charged in approximately fifty criminal cases, but was never convicted of any crime, for like Jesus, “their witnesses agreed not together.” (Mark 14:56-59) Most of what now passes as evidence against Joseph Smith, Jr. was simply made up, fabricated by “A,” who was then quoted by “B,” “C” then quoted “A” and “B” as his authority, and so on. Hugh Nibley, a great Mormon scholar, details such a trail of evidence in his book, Tinkling Cymbals and Sounding Brass: The Art of Telling Tales about Joseph Smith and Brigham Young (1 Cor. 13:1) Church President David O. McKay, in a letter addressed to Hugh Nibley, denounced Faune M. Brodie, McKay’s niece, for having “a super inflated ego” leading her to tell lies about Joseph Smith in No Man Knows My History. (Pres. McKay’s letter is in the BYU Library Special Collections) Nibley responded to Brodie’s book with his book, No Ma’am, That’s Not History. Joseph Smith’s persecution began in 1820 with his First Vision near Palmyra, New York. Therein the devil tried to suffocated him (JS-H 1:15), and Joseph’s mortal life finally ended on June 27, 1844 in the Carthage, Illinois jail, when a mob with blackened faces stormed the jail he was in, and gunned down him and his older brother Hyrum in cold blood. (D&C 135)

Joseph Smith’s History: Born just seven years after George Washington left office as the first President of the United States, the life of Joseph Smith, Jr. was one of helping his family to survive in American wilderness conditions as farmers and laborers, leading him soon thereafter to distinction and greatness . The Smith boys were uncommonly physically strong, which served Joseph well under great physical and mental stress. Joseph stated that his older brother Alvin was the strongest man he ever knew. The Smith household was also one of devout Bible-believers and home schooled children. Some families of that day received instruction from traveling school teachers, such as Oliver Cowdery, not atypical of other families of that time. Even Joseph's father had taught school at one time. Interestingly, George Washington also was home schooled, most of his instruction coming from his father and two older brothers. (The Making of George Washington by William H. Wilbur)

Joseph Smith, Jr. eloped and married Emma Hale, daughter of Isaac Hale, on January 18, 1827 at the age of twenty-two. (Teachings of the Presidents of the Church, Joseph Smith, p. xv) They became parents of eleven children, less than half of which lived to adulthood. Some of those deaths were due to persecution the family received, and two stepchildren died as a direct result of exposure caused by mob persecution. Today, Joseph has only about 600 known direct descendents, while his brother Hyrum has over 15,000. (Church News article, circa 2002)

From Spring of 1820, to September, 1827 when Joseph received the gold plates upon which was written a history of the former, fallen inhabitants on the American continents, persecution against him and his close family members was ever-present, but it picked up to an intense pitch as he was translating the Book of Mormon. (D&C 3; 10) He was mocked, called “ole Joe Smith,” and reviled by ill-disposed people wherever he went, based on gossip and false stories circulating among those inclined to believe such. The persecution became worse after the Church of Christ was organized with only six members on April 6, 1830. Still, the Church grew as Joseph sent out missionaries without purse or scrip to spread the message of salvation, and to offer people the “new and everlasting covenant,” meaning revealed anew and everlasting with God. (D&C 1:15; 22:1: 76:69: 84:33-41; 88:133) As of today, the Church has nearly 14 million members worldwide, with about 7 million in the United State of America, and with almost 150 temples.

Joseph Smith’s Accomplishments: Joseph Smith was only 38 years old when he died as a martyr. Most of his work was done between 1827 and 1844, a period of 17 years. During that time span, he received 135 revelations from God recorded in Doctrine and Covenants, plus others. He also translated with ancient seer stones The Book of Mormon, intended to convince Jews and Gentiles that Jesus is the Christ, written upon gold plates in Reformed Egyptian characters. (Morm. 9:32) Joseph also translated ancient papyrus scrolls containing the Book of Abraham and another book from scrolls found in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, and brought to New York; made important corrections and clarifications in the King James Version of the Bible, called the Joseph Smith Translation or Inspired Version; directed and helped to build two temples in which revelations from God could be received and the covenants of the Lord restored and administered; received visitations from Jesus Christ, Elijah, Elias, Moses, Peter, James, and John, John the Baptist, and other resurrected beings; fully organized the Church with apostles, prophets, seventies, and patriarchs, and called and instructed other quorums and officers in the organization of the Church; directed and led thousands of members of the Church from place to place; founded three cities; sent out dozens of missionaries, even to foreign lands such as England, Wales, Scotland, Germany, Canada, Scandinavia, and to Pacific islands, such as Tahiti and Hawaii; had a family of eleven children by his wife Emma; worked harder than any slave; won the confidence of good and capable men and women whose loyalty and praise persisted long after he was gone. In short, he lived by the simple moto, “If the Lord commands it, do it.” (Teachings of the Presidents of the Church, Joseph Smith) And even though Joseph Smith died penniless and in debt, his supporters and friends believe Joseph was the Great Seer foretold in scripture, having the love and courage of several men. (D&C 135; Building Faith with the Book of Mormon by Glenn L. Pearson and Reid E. Bankhead, pp. 51-52) In spite of his great personal sacrifice, his detractors still insist he did it all for material gain, and spent his time committing crimes, such as stealing horses and defrauding people, none of which is based on a shred of truth. Joseph Smith, Jr. would need to have lived at least a century to have committed all the misdeeds of which he is accused. Yet he was only 38 years old at his death. In short, the many anti-Joseph writings are baseless fabrications or gross exaggerations, and wise and good people know that.

How to Know Joseph Smith was a prophet: In the first place, the surest test of Joseph Smith’s genuineness as a prophet of God is the Book of Mormon. (Building Faith with the Book of Mormon by Glenn L. Peason, et al) In the front of the Book of Mormon is recorded the "Testimony of Three Witnesses" and the "Testimony of Eight Witnesses." The first three witnesses subscribed their names to the fact that they personally beheld an angel of God holding the gold plates Joseph Smith had translated, and they testified that the angel declared to them that the translation (into the English language) was correct. The eight witnesses saw and handled the gold plates Joseph was translating, and subscribed their names to that fact. Regrettably, some of the witnesses became disaffected from the church Joseph Smith organized, but none ever denied what he saw and heard. All three of the Three Witnesses became disaffected, but none denied what he had sworn to regarding the angel and the plates. After many years, both Martin Harris, whose mortgaged farm financed the printing of the Book of Mormon, and Oliver Cowdery rejoined the main body of saints. Right up to the time of his death, Martin Harris bore strong, compelling public and private witnesses to the truth of the Book of Mormon. Oliver Cowdery died from ill health shortly after rejoining, and could not travel to the West. David Whitmer, the third witness, never returned to the church, but also never denied that he saw the plates and the angel, even when strenuously questioned by skeptical newspaper reporters regarding the matter. A descendent of Martin Harris explained that the angel had told the witnesses they would be destroyed if they ever denied what they saw. (D&C 5:27; J. Steele of Salt Lake City)

In the second place, the Book of Mormon, was so compiled by the Lord as Editor, and brought forth in such a way that the reader must seek a spiritual witness from God to know it is authentic. Chapter 10 of Moroni in the Book of Mormon states that an individual must sincerely investigate the Book, have faith in Christ, and ask in prayer to know if it is true. This is not the way of the carnal, rational mind, but then, a witness from God is worth more than any other. (D&C 6:23-24) Either Joseph obtained and translated the Book from gold plates, which contained an account of the works of God among former inhabitants of the American continents, using ancient seer stones, out of the Reformed Egyptian language, and an angel of God testified of its truth, or he did not. If any element of his account is false, then Joseph is not a genuine prophet. If, however, every element of his account is true, then he and the church he organized are true, and his successor prophets are also genuine. (Book of Mormon Key to Conversion by Glenn L. Pearson)

Please allow Joseph Smith, Jr. to tell in his own words events as they transpired, as recorded in Pearl of Great Price, a companion book to Doctrine and Covenants. And see more about The Church and its doctrines at www.lds.org and companion web sites hereto, www.globalsnoop.com/page5.html and http://www.josephsmith.com/.


JOSEPH SMITH—HISTORY
EXTRACTS FROM THE HISTORY OF JOSEPH SMITH, THE PROPHET by Joseph Smith, Jr. (History of the Church, Vol. 1, Chapters 1-5)


1 Owing to the many reports which have been put in circulation by evil-disposed and designing persons, in relation to the rise and progress of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, all of which have been designed by the authors thereof to militate against its character as a Church and its progress in the world—I have been induced to write this history, to disabuse the public mind, and put all inquirers after truth in possession of the facts, as they have transpired, in relation both to myself and the Church, so far as I have such facts in my possession.
2 In this history I shall present the various events in relation to this Church, in truth and righteousness, as they have transpired, or as they at present exist, being now [1838] the eighth year since the organization of the said Church.
3 I was born in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and five, on the twenty-third day of December, in the town of Sharon, Windsor county, State of Vermont . . . My father, Joseph Smith, Sen., left the State of Vermont, and moved to Palmyra, Ontario (now Wayne) county, in the State of New York, when I was in my tenth year, or thereabouts. In about four years after my father’s arrival in Palmyra, he moved with his family into Manchester in the same county of Ontario—
4 His family consisting of eleven souls, namely, my father, Joseph Smith; my mother, Lucy Smith (whose name, previous to her marriage, was Mack, daughter of Solomon Mack); my brothers, Alvin (who died November 19th, 1823, in the 26th year of his age), cHyrum, myself, Samuel Harrison, William, Don Carlos; and my sisters, Sophronia, Catherine, and Lucy.
5 Some time in the second year after our removal to Manchester, there was in the place where we lived an unusual excitement on the subject of religion. It commenced with the Methodists, but soon became general among all the sects in that region of country. Indeed, the whole district of country seemed affected by it, and great multitudes united themselves to the different religious parties, which created no small stir and division amongst the people, some crying, “Lo, here!” and others, “Lo, there!” Some were contending for the Methodist faith, some for the Presbyterian, and some for the Baptist.
6 For, notwithstanding the great love which the converts to these different faiths expressed at the time of their conversion, and the great zeal manifested by the respective clergy, who were active in getting up and promoting this extraordinary scene of religious feeling, in order to have everybody converted, as they were pleased to call it, let them join what sect they pleased; yet when the converts began to file off, some to one party and some to another, it was seen that the seemingly good feelings of both the priests and the converts were more pretended than real; for a scene of great confusion and bad feeling ensued—priest contending against priest, and convert against convert; so that all their good feelings one for another, if they ever had any, were entirely lost in a strife of words and a contest about opinions.
7 I was at this time in my fifteenth year. My father’s family was proselyted to the Presbyterian faith, and four of them joined that church, namely, my mother, Lucy; my brothers Hyrum and Samuel Harrison; and my sister Sophronia.
8 During this time of great excitement my mind was called up to serious reflection and great uneasiness; but though my feelings were deep and often poignant, still I kept myself aloof from all these parties, though I attended their several meetings as often as occasion would permit. In process of time my mind became somewhat partial to the Methodist sect, and I felt some desire to be united with them; but so great were the confusion and astrife among the different denominations, that it was impossible for a person young as I was, and so unacquainted with men and things, to come to any certain conclusion who was bright and who was wrong.
9 My mind at times was greatly excited, the cry and tumult were so great and incessant. The Presbyterians were most decided against the Baptists and Methodists, and used all the powers of both reason and sophistry to prove their errors, or, at least, to make the people think they were in error. On the other hand, the Baptists and Methodists in their turn were equally zealous in endeavoring to establish their own tenets and disprove all others.
10 In the midst of this war of words and tumult of opinions, I often said to myself: What is to be done? Who of all these parties are right; or, are they all wrong together? If any one of them be aright, which is it, and how shall I know it?
11 While I was laboring under the extreme difficulties caused by the contests of these parties of religionists, I was one day reading the Epistle of James, first chapter and fifth verse, which reads: If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him.
12 Never did any passage of scripture come with more power to the heart of man than this did at this time to mine. It seemed to enter with great force into every feeling of my heart. I reflected on it again and again, knowing that if any person needed wisdom from God, I did; for how to act I did not know, and unless I could get more wisdom than I then had, I would never know; for the teachers of religion of the different sects understood the same passages of scripture so differently as to destroy all confidence in settling the question by an appeal to the Bible.
13 At length I came to the conclusion that I must either remain in darkness and confusion, or else I must do as James directs, that is, ask of God. I at length came to the determination to “ask of God,” concluding that if he gave wisdom to them that lacked wisdom, and would give liberally, and not upbraid, I might venture.
14 So, in accordance with this, my determination to ask of God, I retired to the woods to make the attempt. It was on the morning of a beautiful, clear day, early in the spring of eighteen hundred and twenty. It was the first time in my life that I had made such an attempt, for amidst all my anxieties I had never as yet made the attempt to pray vocally.
15 After I had retired to the place where I had previously designed to go, having looked around me, and finding myself alone, I kneeled down and began to offer up the desires of my heart to God. I had scarcely done so, when immediately I was seized upon by some power which entirely overcame me, and had such an astonishing influence over me as to bind my tongue so that I could not speak. Thick darkness gathered around me, and it seemed to me for a time as if I were doomed to sudden destruction.
16 But, exerting all my powers to call upon God to deliver me out of the power of this enemy which had seized upon me, and at the very moment when I was ready to sink into despair and abandon myself to destruction—not to an imaginary ruin, but to the power of some actual being from the unseen world, who had such marvelous power as I had never before felt in any being—just at this moment of great alarm, I saw a pillar of light exactly over my head, above the brightness of the sun, which descended gradually until it fell upon me.
17 It no sooner appeared than I found myself delivered from the enemy which held me bound. When the light rested upon me I saw two Personages, whose brightness and glory defy all description, standing above me in the air. One of them spake unto me, calling me by name and said, pointing to the other—This is My Beloved Son. Hear Him!
18 My object in going to inquire of the Lord was to know which of all the sects was right, that I might know which to join. No sooner, therefore, did I get possession of myself, so as to be able to speak, than I asked the Personages who stood above me in the light, which of all the sects was right (for at this time it had never entered into my heart that all were wrong)—and which I should join.
19 I was answered that I must join none of them, for they were all wrong; and the Personage who addressed me said that all their creeds were an abomination in his sight; that those professors were all corrupt; that: “they draw near to me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me, they teach for doctrines the commandments of men, having a form of godliness, but they deny the power thereof.”
20 He again forbade me to join with any of them; and many other things did he say unto me, which I cannot write at this time. When I came to myself again, I found myself lying on my back, looking up into heaven. When the light had departed, I had no strength; but soon recovering in some degree, I went home. And as I leaned up to the fireplace, mother inquired what the matter was. I replied, “Never mind, all is well—I am well enough off.” I then said to my mother, “I have learned for myself that Presbyterianism is not true.” It seems as though the adversary was aware, at a very early period of my life, that I was destined to prove a disturber and an annoyer of his kingdom; else why should the powers of darkness combine against me? Why the opposition and persecution that arose against me, almost in my infancy?
Some preachers and other professors of religion reject account of First Vision—Persecution heaped upon Joseph Smith—He testifies of the reality of the vision. (Verses 21-26.)
21 Some few days after I had this vision, I happened to be in company with one of the Methodist preachers, who was very active in the before mentioned religious excitement; and, conversing with him on the subject of religion, I took occasion to give him an account of the vision which I had had. I was greatly surprised at his behavior; he treated my communication not only lightly, but with great contempt, saying it was all of the devil, that there were no such things as visions or revelations in these days; that all such things had ceased with the apostles, and that there would never be any more of them.
22 I soon found, however, that my telling the story had excited a great deal of prejudice against me among professors of religion, and was the cause of great persecution, which continued to increase; and though I was an obscure boy, only between fourteen and fifteen years of age, and my circumstances in life such as to make a boy of no consequence in the world, yet men of high standing would take notice sufficient to excite the public mind against me, and create a bitter persecution; and this was common among all the sects—all united to persecute me.
23 It caused me serious reflection then, and often has since, how very strange it was that an obscure boy, of a little over fourteen years of age, and one, too, who was doomed to the necessity of obtaining a scanty maintenance by his daily labor, should be thought a character of sufficient importance to attract the attention of the great ones of the most popular sects of the day, and in a manner to create in them a spirit of the most bitter persecution and reviling. But strange or not, so it was, and it was often the cause of great sorrow to myself.
24 However, it was nevertheless a fact that I had beheld a vision. I have thought since, that I felt much like Paul, when he made his defense before King Agrippa, and related the account of the vision he had when he saw a light, and heard a voice; but still there were but few who believed him; some said he was dishonest, others said he was mad; and he was ridiculed and reviled. But all this did not destroy the reality of his vision. He had seen a vision, he knew he had, and all the persecution under heaven could not make it otherwise; and though they should persecute him unto death, yet he knew, and would know to his latest breath, that he had both seen a light and heard a voice speaking unto him, and all the world could not make him think or believe otherwise.
25 So it was with me. I had actually seen a light, and in the midst of that light I saw two Personages, and they did in reality speak to me; and though I was hated and persecuted for saying that I had seen a vision, yet it was true; and while they were persecuting me, reviling me, and speaking all manner of evil against me falsely for so saying, I was led to say in my heart: Why persecute me for telling the truth? I have actually seen a vision; and who am I that I can withstand God, or why does the world think to make me deny what I have actually seen? For I had seen a vision; I knew it, and I knew that God knew it, and I could not deny it, neither dared I do it; at least I knew that by so doing I would offend God, and come under condemnation.
26 I had now got my mind satisfied so far as the sectarian world was concerned—that it was not my duty to join with any of them, but to continue as I was until further directed. I had found the testimony of James to be true—that a man who lacked wisdom might ask of God, and obtain, and not be upbraided.
Moroni appears to Joseph Smith—Joseph’s name is to be known for good and evil among all nations—Moroni tells him of the Book of Mormon and of the coming judgments of the Lord, and quotes many scriptures—The hiding place of the gold plates is revealed—Moroni continues to instruct the Prophet. (Verses 27-54.)
27 I continued to pursue my common vocations in life until the twenty-first of September, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-three, all the time suffering severe persecution at the hands of all classes of men, both religious and irreligious, because I continued to affirm that I had seen a vision.
28 During the space of time which intervened between the time I had the vision and the year eighteen hundred and twenty-three—having been forbidden to join any of the religious sects of the day, and being of very tender years, and persecuted by those who ought to have been my friends and to have treated me kindly, and if they supposed me to be deluded to have endeavored in a proper and affectionate manner to have reclaimed me—I was left to all kinds of temptations; and, mingling with all kinds of society, I frequently fell into many foolish errors, and displayed the weakness of youth, and the foibles of human nature; which, I am sorry to say, led me into divers temptations, offensive in the sight of God. In making this confession, no one need suppose me guilty of any great or malignant sins. A disposition to commit such was never in my nature. But I was guilty of levity, and sometimes associated with jovial company, etc., not consistent with that character which ought to be maintained by one who was called of God as I had been. But this will not seem very strange to any one who recollects my youth, and is acquainted with my native cheery temperament.
29 In consequence of these things, I often felt condemned for my weakness and imperfections; when, on the evening of the above-mentioned twenty-first of September, after I had retired to my bed for the night, I betook myself to prayer and supplication to Almighty God for forgiveness of all my sins and follies, and also for a manifestation to me, that I might know of my state and standing before him; for I had full confidence in obtaining a divine manifestation, as I previously had one.
30 While I was thus in the act of calling upon God, I discovered a alight appearing in my room, which continued to increase until the room was lighter than at noonday, when immediately a personage appeared at my bedside, standing in the air, for his feet did not touch the floor.
31 He had on a loose robe of most exquisite whiteness. It was a whiteness beyond anything earthly I had ever seen; nor do I believe that any earthly thing could be made to appear so exceedingly white and brilliant. His hands were naked, and his arms also, a little above the wrist; so, also, were his feet naked, as were his legs, a little above the ankles. His head and neck were also bare. I could discover that he had no other clothing on but this robe, as it was open, so that I could see into his bosom.
32 Not only was his robe exceedingly white, but his whole person was glorious beyond description, and his countenance truly like lightning. The room was exceedingly light, but not so very bright as immediately around his person. When I first looked upon him, I was afraid; but the fear soon left me.
33 He called me by name, and said unto me that he was a messenger sent from the presence of God to me, and that his name was Moroni; that God had a work for me to do; and that my name should be had for good and evil among all nations, kindreds, and tongues, or that it should be both good and evil spoken of among all people.
34 He said there was a book deposited, written upon gold plates, giving an account of the former inhabitants of this continent, and the source from whence they sprang. He also said that the fulness of the everlasting Gospel was contained in it, as delivered by the Savior to the ancient inhabitants;
35 Also, that there were two stones in silver bows—and these stones, fastened to a breastplate, constituted what is called the Urim and Thummim—deposited with the plates; and the possession and use of these stones were what constituted “seers” in ancient or former times; and that God had prepared them for the purpose of translating the book.
36 After telling me these things, he commenced quoting the prophecies of the Old Testament. He first quoted part of the third chapter of Malachi; and he quoted also the fourth or last chapter of the same prophecy, though with a little variation from the way it reads in our Bibles. Instead of quoting the first verse as it reads in our books, he quoted it thus:
37 For behold, the day cometh that shall burn as an oven, and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly shall burn as stubble; for they that come shall burn them, saith the Lord of Hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.
38 And again, he quoted the fifth verse thus: Behold, I will reveal unto you the Priesthood, by the hand of Elijah the prophet, before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord.
39 He also quoted the next verse differently: And he shall plant in the hearts of the children the promises made to the fathers, and the hearts of the children shall turn to their fathers. If it were not so, the whole earth would be utterly wasted at his coming.
40 In addition to these, he quoted the eleventh chapter of Isaiah, saying that it was about to be fulfilled. He quoted also the third chapter of Acts, twenty-second and twenty-third verses, precisely as they stand in our New Testament. He said that that prophet was Christ; but the day had not yet come when “they who would not hear his voice should be cut off from among the people,” but soon would come.
41 He also quoted the second chapter of Joel, from the twenty-eighth verse to the last. He also said that this was not yet fulfilled, but was soon to be. And he further stated that the fulness of the Gentiles was soon to come in. He quoted many other passages of scripture, and offered many explanations which cannot be mentioned here.
42 Again, he told me, that when I got those plates of which he had spoken—for the time that they should be obtained was not yet fulfilled—I should not show them to any person; neither the breastplate with the Urim and Thummim; only to those to whom I should be commanded to show them; if I did I should be destroyed. While he was conversing with me about the plates, the vision was opened to my mind that I could see the place where the plates were deposited, and that so clearly and distinctly that I knew the place again when I visited it.
43 After this communication, I saw the light in the room begin to gather immediately around the person of him who had been speaking to me, and it continued to do so until the room was again left dark, except just around him; when, instantly I saw, as it were, a conduit open right up into heaven, and he ascended till he entirely disappeared, and the room was left as it had been before this heavenly light had made its appearance.
44 I lay musing on the singularity of the scene, and marveling greatly at what had been told to me by this extraordinary messenger; when, in the midst of my meditation, I suddenly discovered that my room was again beginning to get lighted, and in an instant, as it were, the same heavenly messenger was again by my bedside.
45 He commenced, and again related the very same things which he had done at his first visit, without the least variation; which having done, he informed me of great judgments which were coming upon the earth, with great desolations by famine, sword, and pestilence; and that these grievous judgments would come on the earth in this generation. Having related these things, he again ascended as he had done before.
46 By this time, so deep were the impressions made on my mind, that sleep had fled from my eyes, and I lay overwhelmed in astonishment at what I had both seen and heard. But what was my surprise when again I beheld the same messenger at my bedside, and heard him rehearse or repeat over again to me the same things as before; and added a caution to me, telling me that Satan would try to tempt me (in consequence of the indigent circumstances of my father’s family), to get the plates for the purpose of getting rich. This he forbade me, saying that I must have no other object in view in getting the plates but to glorify God, and must not be influenced by any other motive than that of building his kingdom; otherwise I could not get them.
47 After this third visit, he again ascended into heaven as before, and I was again left to ponder on the strangeness of what I had just experienced; when almost immediately after the heavenly messenger had ascended from me for the third time, the cock crowed, and I found that day was approaching, so that our interviews must have occupied the whole of that night.
48 I shortly after arose from my bed, and, as usual, went to the necessary labors of the day; but, in attempting to work as at other times, I found my strength so exhausted as to render me entirely unable. My father, who was laboring along with me, discovered something to be wrong with me, and told me to go home. I started with the intention of going to the house; but, in attempting to cross the fence out of the field where we were, my strength entirely failed me, and I fell helpless on the ground, and for a time was quite unconscious of anything.
49 The first thing that I can recollect was a voice speaking unto me, calling me by name. I looked up, and beheld the same messenger standing over my head, surrounded by light as before. He then again related unto me all that he had related to me the previous night, and commanded me to go to my father and tell him of the vision and commandments which I had received.
50 I obeyed; I returned to my father in the field, and rehearsed the whole matter to him. He replied to me that it was of God, and told me to go and do as commanded by the messenger. I left the field, and went to the place where the messenger had told me the plates were deposited; and owing to the distinctness of the vision which I had had concerning it, I knew the place the instant that I arrived there.
51 Convenient to the village of Manchester, Ontario county, New York, stands a hill of considerable size, and the most elevated of any in the neighborhood. On the west side of this hill, not far from the top, under a stone of considerable size, lay the plates, deposited in a stone box. This stone was thick and rounding in the middle on the upper side, and thinner towards the edges, so that the middle part of it was visible above the ground, but the edge all around was covered with earth.
52 Having removed the earth, I obtained a lever, which I got fixed under the edge of the stone, and with a little exertion raised it up. I looked in, and there indeed did I behold the plates, the Urim and Thummim, and the breastplate, as stated by the messenger. The box in which they lay was formed by laying stones together in some kind of cement. In the bottom of the box were laid two stones crossways of the box, and on these stones lay the plates and the other things with them.
53 I made an attempt to take them out, but was forbidden by the messenger, and was again informed that the time for bringing them forth had not yet arrived, neither would it, until four years from that time; but he told me that I should come to that place precisely in one year from that time, and that he would there meet with me, and that I should continue to do so until the time should come for obtaining the plates.
54 Accordingly, as I had been commanded, I went at the end of each year, and at each time I found the same messenger there, and received instruction and intelligence from him at each of our interviews, respecting what the Lord was going to do, and how and in what manner his kingdom was to be conducted in the last days.
Joseph Smith marries Emma Hale—He receives the gold plates from Moroni and translates some of the characters—Martin Harris shows characters and translation to Professor Anthon, who says: “I cannot read a sealed book.” (Verses 55-65.)
55 As my father’s worldly circumstances were very limited, we were under the necessity of laboring with our hands, hiring out by day’s work and otherwise, as we could get opportunity. Sometimes we were at home, and sometimes abroad, and by continuous labor were enabled to get a comfortable maintenance.
56 In the year 1823 my father’s family met with a great affliction by the death of my eldest brother, Alvin. In the month of October, 1825, I hired with an old gentleman by the name of Josiah Stoal, who lived in Chenango county, State of New York. He had heard something of a silver mine having been opened by the Spaniards in Harmony, Susquehanna county, State of Pennsylvania; and had, previous to my hiring to him, been digging, in order, if possible, to discover the mine. After I went to live with him, he took me, with the rest of his hands, to dig for the silver mine, at which I continued to work for nearly a month, without success in our undertaking, and finally I prevailed with the old gentleman to cease digging after it. Hence arose the very prevalent story of my having been a money-digger.
57 During the time that I was thus employed, I was put to board with a Mr. Isaac Hale, of that place; it was there I first saw my wife (his daughter), Emma Hale. On the 18th of January, 1827, we were married, while I was yet employed in the service of Mr. Stoal.
58 Owing to my continuing to assert that I had seen a vision, persecution still followed me, and my wife’s father’s family were very much opposed to our being married. I was, therefore, under the necessity of taking her elsewhere; so we went and were married at the house of Squire Tarbill, in South Bainbridge, Chenango county, New York. Immediately after my marriage, I left Mr. Stoal’s, and went to my father’s, and farmed with him that season.
59 At length the time arrived for obtaining the plates, the Urim and Thummim, and the breastplate. On the twenty-second day of September, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, having gone as usual at the end of another year to the place where they were deposited, the same heavenly messenger delivered them up to me with this charge: that I should be responsible for them; that if I should let them go carelessly, or through any neglect of mine, I should be cut off; but that if I would use all my endeavors to preserve them, until he, the messenger, should call for them, they should be protected.
60 I soon found out the reason why I had received such strict charges to keep them safe, and why it was that the messenger had said that when I had done what was required at my hand, he would call for them. For no sooner was it known that I had them, than the most strenuous exertions were used to aget them from me. Every stratagem that could be invented was resorted to for that purpose. The persecution became more bitter and severe than before, and multitudes were on the alert continually to get them from me if possible. But by the wisdom of God, they remained safe in my hands, until I had accomplished by them what was required at my hand. When, according to arrangements, the messenger called for them, I delivered them up to him; and he has them in his charge until this bday, being the second day of May, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.
61 The excitement, however, still continued, and rumor with her thousand tongues was all the time employed in circulating falsehoods about my father’s family, and about myself. If I were to relate a thousandth part of them, it would fill up volumes. The persecution, however, became so intolerable that I was under the necessity of leaving Manchester, and going with my wife to Susquehanna county, in the State of Pennsylvania. While preparing to start—being very poor, and the persecution so heavy upon us that there was no probability that we would ever be otherwise—in the midst of our afflictions we found a friend in a gentleman by the name of Martin Harris, who came to us and gave me fifty dollars to assist us on our journey. Mr. Harris was a resident of Palmyra township, Wayne county, in the State of New York, and a farmer of respectability.
62 By this timely aid was I enabled to reach the place of my destination in Pennsylvania; and immediately after my arrival there I commenced copying the characters off the plates. I copied a considerable number of them, and by means of the Urim and Thummim I translated some of them, which I did between the time I arrived at the house of my wife’s father, in the month of December, and the February following.
63 Sometime in this month of February, the aforementioned Mr. Martin Harris came to our place, got the characters which I had drawn off the plates, and started with them to the city of New York. For what took place relative to him and the characters, I refer to his own account of the circumstances, as he related them to me after his return, which was as follows:
64 “I went to the city of New York, and presented the characters which had been translated, with the translation thereof, to Professor Charles Anthon, a gentleman celebrated for his literary attainments. Professor Anthon stated that the translation was correct, more so than any he had before seen translated from the Egyptian. I then showed him those which were not yet translated, and he said that they were Egyptian, Chaldaic, Assyriac, and Arabic; and he said they were true characters. He gave me a certificate, certifying to the people of Palmyra that they were true characters, and that the translation of such of them as had been translated was also correct. I took the certificate and put it into my pocket, and was just leaving the house, when Mr. Anthon called me back, and asked me how the young man found out that there were gold plates in the place where he found them. I answered that an angel of God had revealed it unto him.
65 “He then said to me, ‘Let me see that certificate.’ I accordingly took it out of my pocket and gave it to him, when he took it and tore it to pieces, saying that there was no such thing now as ministering of angels, and that if I would bring the plates to him he would translate them. I informed him that part of the plates were sealed, and that I was forbidden to bring them. He replied, ‘I cannot read a sealed book.’ I left him and went to Dr. Mitchell, who sanctioned what Professor Anthon had said respecting both the characters and the translation.”


* * * * * *


Oliver Cowdery serves as scribe in translating the Book of Mormon—Joseph and Oliver receive the Aaronic Priesthood from John the Baptist—They are baptized, ordained, and receive the spirit of prophecy. (Verses 66-75.)
66 On the 5th day of April, 1829, Oliver Cowdery came to my house, until which time I had never seen him. He stated to me that having been teaching school in the neighborhood where my father resided, and my father being one of those who sent to the school, he went to board for a season at his house, and while there the family related to him the circumstances of my having received the plates, and accordingly he had come to make inquiries of me.
67 Two days after the arrival of Mr. Cowdery (being the 7th of April) I commenced to translate the Book of Mormon, and he began to write for me.


* * * * * *


68 We still continued the work of translation, when, in the ensuing month (May, 1829), we on a certain day went into the woods to pray and inquire of the Lord respecting baptism for the remission of sins, that we found mentioned in the translation of the plates. While we were thus employed, praying and calling upon the Lord, a messenger from heaven descended in a cloud of light, and having laid his hands upon us, he ordained us, saying:
69 Upon you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah, I confer the Priesthood of Aaron, which holds the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the gospel of repentance, and of baptism by immersion for the remission of sins; and this shall never be taken again from the earth until the sons of Levi do offer again an offering unto the Lord in righteousness.
70 He said this Aaronic Priesthood had not the power of laying on hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost, but that this should be conferred on us hereafter; and he commanded us to go and be baptized, and gave us directions that I should baptize Oliver Cowdery, and that afterwards he should baptize me.
71 Accordingly we went and were baptized. I baptized him first, and afterwards he baptized me—after which I laid my hands upon his head and ordained him to the Aaronic Priesthood, and afterwards he laid his hands on me and ordained me to the same Priesthood—for so we were commanded.*
72 The messenger who visited us on this occasion and conferred this Priesthood upon us, said that his name was John, the same that is called John the Baptist in the New Testament, and that he acted under the direction of Peter, James and John, who held the keys of the Priesthood of Melchizedek, which Priesthood, he said, would in due time be conferred on us, and that I should be called the first Elder of the Church, and he (Oliver Cowdery) the second. It was on the fifteenth day of May, 1829, that we were ordained under the hand of this messenger, and baptized.
73 Immediately on our coming up out of the water after we had been baptized, we experienced great and glorious blessings from our Heavenly Father. No sooner had I baptized Oliver Cowdery, than the Holy Ghost fell upon him, and he stood up and prophesied many things which should shortly come to pass. And again, so soon as I had been baptized by him, I also had the spirit of prophecy, when, standing up, I prophesied concerning the rise of this Church, and many other things connected with the Church, and this generation of the children of men. We were filled with the Holy Ghost, and rejoiced in the God of our salvation.
74 Our minds being now enlightened, we began to have the scriptures laid open to our understandings, and the true meaning and intention of their more mysterious passages revealed unto us in a manner which we never could attain to previously, nor ever before had thought of. In the meantime we were forced to keep secret the circumstances of having received the Priesthood and our having been baptized, owing to a spirit of persecution which had already manifested itself in the neighborhood.
75 We had been threatened with being mobbed, from time to time, and this, too, by professors of religion. And their intentions of mobbing us were only counteracted by the influence of my wife’s father’s family (under Divine providence), who had become very friendly to me, and who were opposed to mobs, and were willing that I should be allowed to continue the work of translation without interruption; and therefore offered and promised us protection from all unlawful proceedings, as far as in them lay.

JOSEPH SMITH—HISTORY Footnote:

*Oliver Cowdery describes these events thus: “These were days never to be forgotten—to sit under the sound of a voice dictated by the inspiration of heaven, awakened the utmost gratitude of this bosom! Day after day I continued, uninterrupted, to write from his mouth, as he translated with the Urim and Thummim, or, as the Nephites would have said, ‘Interpreters,’ the history or record called ‘The Book of Mormon.’
“To notice, in even few words, the interesting account given by Mormon and his faithful son, Moroni, of a people once beloved and favored of heaven, would supersede my present design; I shall therefore defer this to a future period, and, as I said in the introduction, pass more directly to some few incidents immediately connected with the rise of this Church, which may be entertaining to some thousands who have stepped forward, amid the frowns of bigots and the calumny of hypocrites, and embraced the Gospel of Christ.
“No men, in their sober senses, could translate and write the directions given to the Nephites from the mouth of the Savior, of the precise manner in which men should build up His Church, and especially when corruption had spread an uncertainty over all forms and systems practiced among men, without desiring a privilege of showing the willingness of the heart by being buried in the liquid grave, to answer a ‘good conscience by the resurrection of Jesus Christ.’
“After writing the account given of the Savior’s ministry to the remnant of the seed of Jacob, upon this continent, it was easy to be seen, as the prophet said it would be, that darkness covered the earth and gross darkness the minds of the people. On reflecting further it was as easy to be seen that amid the great strife and noise concerning religion, none had authority from God to administer the ordinances of the Gospel. For the question might be asked, have men authority to administer in the name of Christ, who deny revelations, when His testimony is no less than the spirit of prophecy, and His religion based, built, and sustained by immediate revelations, in all ages of the world when He has had a people on earth? If these facts were buried, and carefully concealed by men whose craft would have been in danger if once permitted to shine in the faces of men, they were no longer to us; and we only waited for the commandment to be given ‘Arise and be baptized.’
“This was not long desired before it was realized. The Lord, who is rich in mercy, and ever willing to answer the consistent prayer of the humble, after we had called upon Him in a fervent manner, aside from the abodes of men, condescended to manifest to us His will. On a sudden, as from the midst of eternity, the voice of the Redeemer spake peace to us, while the veil was parted and the angel of God came down clothed with glory, and delivered the anxiously looked for message, and the keys of the Gospel of repentance. What joy! what wonder! what amazement! While the world was racked and distracted—while millions were groping as the blind for the wall, and while all men were resting upon uncertainty, as a general mass, our eyes beheld, our ears heard, as in the ‘blaze of day’; yes, more—above the glitter of the May sunbeam, which then shed its brilliancy over the face of nature! Then his voice, though mild, pierced to the center, and his words, ‘I am thy fellow-servant,’ dispelled every fear. We listened, we gazed, we admired! ’Twas the voice of an angel from glory, ’twas a message from the Most High! And as we heard we rejoiced, while His love enkindled upon our souls, and we were wrapped in the vision of the Almighty! Where was room for doubt? Nowhere; uncertainty had fled, doubt had sunk no more to rise, while fiction and deception had fled forever!
“But, dear brother, think, further think for a moment, what joy filled our hearts, and with what surprise we must have bowed, (for who would not have bowed the knee for such a blessing?) when we received under his hand the Holy Priesthood as he said, ‘Upon you my fellow-servants, in the name of Messiah, I confer this Priesthood and this authority, which shall remain upon earth, that the Sons of Levi may yet offer an offering unto the Lord in righteousness!’
“I shall not attempt to paint to you the feelings of this heart, nor the majestic beauty and glory which surrounded us on this occasion; but you will believe me when I say, that earth, nor men, with the eloquence of time, cannot begin to clothe language in as interesting and sublime a manner as this holy personage. No; nor has this earth power to give the joy, to bestow the peace, or comprehend the wisdom which was contained in each sentence as they were delivered by the power of the Holy Spirit! Man may deceive his fellow-men, deception may follow deception, and the children of the wicked one may have power to seduce the foolish and untaught, till naught but fiction feeds the many, and the fruit of falsehood carries in its current the giddy to the grave; but one touch with the finger of his love, yes, one ray of glory from the upper world, or one word from the mouth of the Savior, from the bosom of eternity, strikes it all into insignificance, and blots it forever from the mind. The assurance that we were in the presence of an angel, the certainty that we heard the voice of Jesus, and the truth unsullied as it flowed from a pure personage, dictated by the will of God, is to me past description, and I shall ever look upon this expression of the Savior’s goodness with wonder and thanksgiving while I am permitted to tarry; and in those mansions where perfection dwells and sin never comes, I hope to adore in that day which shall never cease.”—Messenger and Advocate, vol. 1 (October 1834), pp. 14—16.

THE ARTICLES OF FAITH
OF THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS by Joseph Smith, Jr.
(History of the Church, Vol. 4, pp. 535—541)

1 We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in His Son, Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost.
2 We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam’s transgression.
3 We believe that through the Atonement of Christ, all mankind may be saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel.
4 We believe that the first principles and ordinances of the Gospel are: first, Faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; second, Repentance; third, Baptism by immersion for the remission of sins; fourth, Laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost.
5 We believe that a man must be called of God, by prophecy, and by the laying on of hands by those who are in authority, to preach the Gospel and administer in the ordinances thereof.
6 We believe in the same organization that existed in the Primitive Church, namely, apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, and so forth.
7 We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions, healing, interpretation of tongues, and so forth.
8 We believe the Bible to be the word of God as far as it is translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the word of God.
9 We believe all that God has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we believe that He will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God.
10 We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion (the New Jerusalem) will be built upon the American continent; that Christ will reign personally upon the earth; and, that the earth will be renewed and receive its paradisiacal glory.
11 We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of our own conscience, and allow all men the same privilege, let them worship how, where, or what they may.
12 We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.
13 We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, and in doing egood to all men; indeed, we may say that we follow the admonition of Paul—We believe all things, we hope all things, we have endured many things, and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous, lovely, or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after these things.

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